By Sola Ojewusi
The recent wave of anti-French sentiment sweeping through Francophone Africa, accompanied by coups and declarations of independence from France, has sparked a heated debate about the region’s problems. While some place the blame squarely on France for its neocolonial policies and exploitation, this argument oversimplifies the issue. The reality is that the deeper problem lies within the Francophone countries themselves—their choices, leadership, and failure to fully assert their independence at critical moments in history.
A Contrast: Nigeria’s Republic Mentality
At independence, some African nations, like Nigeria, demonstrated discernment by rejecting the colonial mentality and asserting true independence. Nigeria’s transition to a republic in 1963, just three years after gaining independence from Britain, symbolized a deliberate effort to break away from colonial influence and chart its own course. By refusing to cling to the trappings of British rule, Nigeria set a precedent for African self-determination.
In contrast, Francophone African nations, shackled by France’s assimilation policy, embraced a different trajectory. Instead of asserting full sovereignty, many of these countries continued to defer to France in political, economic, and military matters. They adopted the CFA franc, allowed French military bases on their soil, and maintained close ties that kept them in a state of dependency.
Overindulgence in France’s Assimilation Policy
France’s policy of assimilation, which sought to integrate its colonies culturally and politically, was eagerly embraced by many Francophone leaders. This willingness to remain tethered to France allowed Paris to maintain outsized influence over their economies and governance structures. Unlike Nigeria, which demanded and obtained significant levels of independence, Francophone nations often chose comfort over sovereignty, allowing France to dictate their futures.
The Role of Leadership
Another critical issue lies with the leadership of these nations. Many post-independence leaders in Francophone Africa became autocrats, stifling democracy and perpetuating corruption. These “tin gods” prioritized personal power and wealth over national development, creating a cycle of poverty, instability, and dependence.
Corruption, mismanagement, and oppressive tendencies further eroded the institutions necessary for true independence. Instead of building robust economies, diversifying trade, and fostering innovation, many leaders squandered resources and entrenched their nations in a cycle of debt and underdevelopment.
From Frying Pan to Fire: Russia as the New Overlord
The recent trend of ousting French influence only to embrace new alliances with powers like Russia raises alarming questions. By replacing one overlord with another, these nations risk deepening their dependency rather than achieving true sovereignty.
What does Russia offer these countries in the short and long term? While Russian partnerships may promise military support and an alternative to Western dominance, they come with significant risks. Russia’s focus on arms sales and its limited economic engagement mean that these nations may end up with militarized regimes but no tangible economic benefits. Furthermore, aligning with Russia could isolate these nations from global markets and development partners, exacerbating their economic woes.
The Way Forward: Self-Reflection and Genuine Independence
Francophone Africa must take a hard look in the mirror. The true path to independence lies not in merely replacing one foreign power with another but in asserting sovereignty through strong, transparent governance, economic diversification, and the rejection of neocolonial dependency.
Lessons can be learned from nations like Nigeria, which, despite its challenges, continues to assert its identity and independence. Francophone countries must shed the remnants of the assimilation policy, build strong institutions, and foster leaders who prioritize national interest over personal gain.
Only by addressing internal flaws—corruption, weak governance, and dependency—can Francophone Africa achieve genuine freedom and prosperity. France may have been part of the problem, but the solution lies within the hands of Africans themselves.
